Synergy of Mothers, Families, and Schools in Shaping Character Education Toward Indonesia’s Golden Generation 2045: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Education plays a crucial role in developing high-quality human resources to support the Indonesia Emas 2045 vision, which requires a generation with strong moral character, social responsibility, and global competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the synergistic roles of mothers, families, and schools in shaping children’s character and competencies as the foundation of Indonesia’s future generation. A literature review was conducted using the SPIDER framework to systematically search articles published between 2020 and 2024 in Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the keywords “character education,” “mother’s role,” and “school–family synergy.” From 1,742 identified records, 8 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through thematic synthesis. The findings reveal that mothers function as the primary moral educators (madrasatul ula) who establish early value formation, families create authoritative environments that reinforce behavioral habituation and emotional development, and schools institutionalize academic and social values through structured programs such as the Profil Pelajar Pancasila. The synergy among these three educational environments significantly strengthens children’s emotional intelligence, self-regulation, social responsibility, and academic achievement while reducing behavioral problems. In conclusion, the tri-center of education represents a critical foundation for nurturing Indonesia’s Golden Generation 2045, highlighting the importance of strong collaboration between parents and educational institutions to build a consistent and supportive educational ecosystem capable of producing adaptive and high-integrity individuals.