Systematic Review of the Impact of Rape on Reproductive and Psychosocial Health and Its Implications for Abortion Policy and Restorative Justice in Indonesia

Abstract

Rape is a form of sexual violence that violates women's human rights and causes physical and psychological trauma, including unwanted pregnancies (UP), which raise dilemmas about abortion. In Indonesia, abortion for rape victims is legally recognized as an exception with indications of medical emergencies or severe psychological trauma, but its implementation faces complex legal, ethical, and social challenges. Procedural barriers and social stigma worsen victims' access to safe and legal abortion services. National law, Islamic law, and medical bioethics approaches have potentially aligned views in the context of protecting health and victim recovery. This systematic literature review guided by PRISMA analyzes regulations, ethical dilemmas, and implementation challenges related to the reproductive rights of rape victims in Indonesia. The study finds discrepancies between legal norms and field practices, as well as a lack of understanding among officials and medical personnel of victim perspectives. Reproductive health education, restorative justice implementation, and cross-sector collaboration are urgently needed to ensure victims' rights are met with dignity and comprehensiveness. Further research is recommended to explore victims' experiences and the effectiveness of legal abortion policies within Indonesia’s socio-cultural context. These efforts align with sustainable development goals towards healthy lives, gender equality, and social justice.